The minor consists of two tracks: a basic and a technical track. The regular track contains five mandatory courses. The technical track consists of obligatory and elective courses. Also, an internship is possible (in both tracks). In this case, one of the courses in period 2 plus the period 3 course will be cancelled.

Computational Methods in Econometrics (period 1, 6 EC, technical track):

• Coordinator: S J Koopman
• Contact hours per week: 4 hours lectures, 2 hours tutorial
• In this course we discuss numerical and simulation-based methods and their use in econometrics and data science. In the first part, we review numerical methods for optimization, Monte Carlo integration and matrix computation. We show how these methods are used for the estimation of parameters in discrete and nonlinear models. In the second part, we investigate properties of estimators, test statistics and model residuals, using simulation studies. In particular, we simulate distributions of parameter estimates under different data generation processes, distributions of test statistics used in unit-root tests, goodness-of fit measures in spurious regressions, and model selection criteria such as the Akaike information criterion. Finally, we use simulations to verify the accuracy of diagnostic tests related to normality and heteroscedasticity.
  

Introduction to Time Series and Dynamic Econometrics (period 1, 6 EC, both tracks):

• Coordinator: dr. Francisco Blasques.
• Contact hours per week : 2 hours theory classes and 4+ hours class work.
• This course covers both theoretical and practical aspects of time series econometrics, including the analysis of stationary and non-stationary stochastic processes in economics and finance. Furthermore, the course provides both theoretical and practical insight into parameter estimation in time series models and the use of these models for forecasting, testing for Granger causality, and performing policy analysis using impulse response functions. Finally, you are introduced to the fundamental problem of spurious regression in time series analysis.

Introductory Econometrics for Business and Economics (period 1, 6 EC, regular track):

• Coordinator: dr. Julia Schaumburg.
• Contact hours per week : 2 hours theory classes and 4+ hours class work.
• This course is an introduction to modern econometric techniques, which enable you to conduct methodological and empirical analyses in economics, finance and marketing. We discuss the linear regression model and its assumptions, and the consequences that arise when these assumptions are not fulfilled. Furthermore, an introduction to panel data analysis is given. Overall, a balance is struck between theoretical derivations and empirical applications.

Bayesian Econometrics for Business and Economics (period 2, 6 EC, technical track):

• Coordinator: dr. Lennart Hoogerheide.
• Contact hours per week : 4 hours classes + 2 hours computer room tutorials.
• This course about Bayesian Econometrics in the minor Applied Econometrics is targeted at Bachelor Econometrics students and Bachelor students with different backgrounds who have already had an introduction to programming and econometrics/statistics. The objective is to acquaint you with Bayesian statistics and applications thereof to econometric problems, using advanced computational methods. This course will cover Bayesian statistics where the topics include the prior and posterior density, Bayesian hypothesis testing, Bayesian prediction, Bayesian Model Averaging for forecast combination. Several models will be considered, including the Bernoulli/binomial distribution for binary data, the Poisson distribution for count data and the normal distribution. Obviously, attention will be paid to the Bayesian analysis of linear regression models. Also applications to simple time series models will be considered. An important part of the course is the treatment of simulation-based methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (Gibbs sampling, data augmentation, Metropolis-Hastings method) and Importance Sampling, that are often needed to compute Bayesian estimates and predictions and to perform Bayesian tests.

Empirical Economics (period 2, 6 EC, both tracks):

• Coordinator: prof. dr. Bas van der Klaauw.
• Contact hours per week : 2 hours theory classes and 4+ hours class work.
• This course first provides an overview on microeconometric techniques to estimate causal effects. In particular, the potential outcomes framework is discussed and within this framework policy relevant treatment effects are defined. Next, more structural economic models are presented and empirical analyses of these models are discussed. During the course, there will be a theoretical discussion, presentation of empirical studies and you have to work with data, “big data”.

Empirical Finance (period 2, 6 EC, both tracks):

• Coordinator: dr. Norman Seeger.
• Contact hours per week : 2 hours theory classes and 4+ hours class work.
• This course covers topics such as financial data and its properties, tests for pricing efficiency and factor models, volatility modelling, risk management, and continuous time finance. A mixture of academic papers and practical applications is used to study how econometric methodology is employed to facilitate financial decision making and to extract information from financial market data. We adopt various econometric methods based on regression models, generalised conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models, historical simulation, and Monte Carlo simulatio

Practical Case Study: Real-life Modelling in Econometrics and Data Science (period 3, 6 EC, both tracks):

• Coordinator: prof. dr. Siem Jan Koopman.
• Contact hours per week : 2 hours theory classes and 4+ hours class work.
• Initial meeting, follow-up meeting(s) with supervisors at the premises of the organization or firm, online support by coordinator.
  Case studies are carried out by teams of students, possibly coming from different study backgrounds. You must write a Case Report and present your results to groups of teachers, professionals and fellow students. The team works for a project of a company, organisation or research institution. The members of the team need to work together, to analyse a complex and typically “big data” set, provide solutions and give advise.
  

For more information about each course, please visit our study guide.

Admission

Basic track:

• Bachelor students from in and outside the Netherlands who have an interest in Econometrics and who have successfully completed their first courses in (Introductory) Mathematics and Statistics. Students from any background are welcome; for example, Bachelor students in Economics and Business, Sociology, Psychology, Medicine, Life sciences, etc.
• Students with deficiencies for their admission to the VU MSc Econometrics programme (with its specialisations Econometric Theory, Econometrics and Data Science, Financial Econometrics, Quantitative Economics, Marketing Data Science).
  
• Graduated Dutch HBO students in applied mathematics.
  

Technical track:

• Bachelor students from in and outside the Netherlands enrolled in Econometrics and Operations Research, or, for example, Actuarial Studies, Business Analytics, Computer Science, Engineering, Biosciences: all students who have basic knowledge in econometrics, and have successfully completed, for example, Analysis, Calculus, Linear Algebra, Statistics and Programming.
• Students with deficiencies for their admission to the VU MSc Econometrics programme (with its specialisations Econometric Theory, Econometrics and Data Science, Financial Econometrics, Quantitative Economics, Marketing Data Science).
  

Registration
VU student: You can register for the courses of the minor via VUnet from 15 July.
Other students: you can register as a secondary course student (bijvak) via register.vu.nl. More information about this procedure can be found on this website in Dutch or in English.

Frequently asked questions:
Q: I am taking the Minor and I am not a Bachelor student of Econometrics. What are the admission rules for the Econometrics track within the Master in Econometrics and OR?
A: If you want to continue Econometrics in a MSc study at the VU, some additional admission requirements must be met. If you take the Minor, there are three possibilities:

• You complete the (full) technical Track of the Minor and pass one additional course from the Bachelor in Econometrics: either Econometrics III or Financial Econometrics.
• You complete the basic/regular Track of the Minor with average grade 7.5 or higher and pass one additional course from the Bachelor in Econometrics: either Econometrics III or Financial Econometrics 
• You complete the basic/regular track of the Minor with average grade lower than 7.5 and pass two of the following three courses from the Bachelor in Econometrics: Econometrics II, Econometrics III, Financial Econometrics

To prepare for the Master, it is also highly recommended to sign up for the “Econometrics Bootcamp”, a summer course offered at the end of August.

Q: I am not sure whether I fulfill the prerequisites for the regular track of the Minor. How much maths and statistics are needed?
A: You should have background knowledge on the level of introductory courses in statistics, analysis/calculus, and linear algebra. Notice that third year students in economics and business studies (and who are on track) have gained sufficient knowledge in mathematics and statistics to start with the Basic Track of the Minor.

Q: Which programming languages should I know if I want to take the technical track?
A: You should have some experience with either Matlab, Python, R, or OxMetrics. If you feel uncertain about your programming skills, there are many basic online introduction courses in programming, for free; for example at Datacamp

Q: I want to do an internship as part of the Minor. How do I proceed?
A: Students can do the Minor internship at any company or institute where one can do a suitable internship that (1) contains aspects of econometrics and (2) lasts at least two months. It does not necessarily have to take place in the period November-January. The first step is to ask approval of the coordinator of the Minor internships, dr. Lennart Hoogerheide (l.f.hoogerheide@vu.nl). In order to get the 12 EC (and standard result "v") the student needs to send an internship contract and (at the end) an internship report describing what econometric methods/models were used during the internship.

If you have detailed questions about the contents of the programme, please contact:

Julia Schaumburg
j.schaumburg@vu.nl
http://juliaschaumburg.com/